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In this issue 15 papers · 5 free

01 Science Reframing menopause and menopause hormone therapy as opportunities for healthy aging Free
02 Nature Neuroscience Different functional connectivity gradients reflect aging and Alzheimer’s disease Free
03 Science Advances Background trade winds and climate sensitivity control the eastern equatorial Pacific warming pattern Free
04 Nature Communications Nationwide sustainability assessment of PFAS treatment in U.S. water utilities Free
05 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Impaired control of autoimmunity increases pediatric multiple sclerosis risk in EBNA-1-seropositives and -seronegatives Free
06 Science Mitochondrial carrier SLC25A34 links clock, diet, and temperature control of adipocyte lipid cycling Subscribers
07 Nature Biotechnology Deep learning perturbation models can outperform baselines on calibrated metrics Subscribers
08 Nature Human Behaviour Selfish and prosocial individuals both distort their actions’ impact, but selfish distortions can be more contagious Subscribers
09 eLife Learning is a fundamental source of individuality Subscribers
10 Science Advances A computational super-resolution framework for multidimensional fluorescence imaging Subscribers
11 Nature Communications PrimPol toggled by ATR modulates fork slowing and repriming under oncogenic KRAS-induced replication stress Subscribers
12 Nature An amygdala to anterior hypothalamic circuit gates stress sensitivity Subscribers
13 eLife Negative affect influences the computations underlying food choice in bulimia nervosa Subscribers
14 The Astrophysical Journal Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the C iv Forest with DESI DR2 Subscribers
15 Nature Communications Sphingolipids associate with the chlamydial nucleoid and mark developmental transitions in Chlamydia trachomatis Subscribers

The papers Read free

Science·1 October 2026

Laura L. Gravelsins, Mateja Perović et al.

Menopause shapes long term health risks, and over 200 hormone therapy types each carry different risks and benefits.

Menopause is a major body change that can bring up to 72 different symptoms. It affects health risks for the heart, bones, and brain for years afterward. This review argues that doctors need a more personal approach, since treatment options number over 200 types, each with its own risks and benefits based on dose and timing. It calls for care plans that factor in a woman's symptoms, genes, and past hormone use.

The number over 200 types

The number of different menopause hormone therapy varieties, each with its own risk and benefit mix.

Review of existing studies, not new trial data on any one treatment.

Integrity screen: passed (3 checks) Checked 6 October 2026. Laura L. Gravelsins, Mateja Perović et al., Reframing menopause and menopause hormone therapy as opportunities for healthy aging Read the source

Nature Neuroscience·1 October 2026

Jonathan Rittmo, Nicolai Franzmeier et al.

Alzheimer's disease and normal aging change two separate brain communication pathways, not one shared pathway.

Brain regions send signals to each other along certain paths, like roads connecting city districts. Alzheimer's disease changes traffic on one major road, the one linking simple sensing areas to complex thinking areas. Normal aging changes a different road, one linking basic processing areas to planning and control areas. Scientists tracked both patterns in almost 1,100 people across two groups, and the two roads stayed separate from each other.

The number 1,102 people total

The combined size of two independent groups studied for brain connection changes.

Human brain scans only, no proof of cause and effect.

Integrity screen: passed (3 checks) Checked 6 October 2026. Jonathan Rittmo, Nicolai Franzmeier et al., Different functional connectivity gradients reflect aging and Alzheimer’s disease Read the source

Science Advances·2 October 2026

Jacob Stuivenvolt-Allen, Alexey V. Fedorov

In climate models, trade wind strength and warming sensitivity predict future eastern Pacific Ocean warming.

Ocean temperature models show that by the late 2000s, the eastern Pacific Ocean may warm faster than the west. This creates a pattern similar to a mild, permanent El Niño, which shifts weather patterns worldwide. Two things control how strong this effect gets: how forceful the normal trade winds are in a model, and how sensitive that model is to rising greenhouse gases. These two factors explain about 74% of the differences between climate models on this question.

The number 73% reduction

The estimated shrinkage of the east-west Pacific Ocean temperature difference by 2100 under high emissions.

Climate model analysis only, not observed future warming yet.

Integrity screen: passed (3 checks) Checked 6 October 2026. Jacob Stuivenvolt-Allen, Alexey V. Fedorov, Background trade winds and climate sensitivity control the eastern equatorial Pacific warming pattern Read the source

Nature Communications·1 October 2026

Md. Moshiur Rahman Tushar, Zaki Alam Pushan et al.

Ion exchange filtering causes less climate harm than carbon filtering, but short-chain PFAS removal costs more either way.

Water utilities across the country face new rules to remove harmful chemicals called PFAS from drinking water. One cleanup method, called ion exchange, causes less climate harm than the other common method, called carbon filtering. But removing short versions of these chemicals costs more no matter which method is used. Small and rural water systems carry a bigger burden than large city systems.

What it could change Small and rural water systems bear heavier costs and pollution burdens from PFAS cleanup than large systems.

This reflects a nationwide comparison of two common PFAS filtering methods, not one specific utility's costs.

Nationwide model analysis, no specific cost or sample figures given.

Integrity screen: passed (3 checks) Checked 2 October 2026. Md. Moshiur Rahman Tushar, Zaki Alam Pushan et al., Nationwide sustainability assessment of PFAS treatment in U.S. water utilities Read the source

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·1 October 2026

Hannes Vietzen, Emmanuelle L. Waubant et al.

Brain-attacking antibodies appear in kids with multiple sclerosis, with or without a common virus infection.

Multiple sclerosis is a disease where the body's immune system attacks the brain and spinal cord. A common virus linked to this disease is Epstein-Barr virus. But this study found that brain-targeting antibodies also show up in children who never had that virus infection. The real difference seems to be how well certain immune cells keep these harmful antibodies in check. Those cells are a type of natural killer cell, a kind of immune defender.

The number 92.2%

Share of virus-positive children with multiple sclerosis who had brain-targeting antibodies, versus 56.3% in healthy virus-positive controls.

548 virus-positive and only 30 virus-negative patients studied, human data.

Integrity screen: passed (3 checks) Checked 2 October 2026. Hannes Vietzen, Emmanuelle L. Waubant et al., Impaired control of autoimmunity increases pediatric multiple sclerosis risk in EBNA-1-seropositives and -seronegatives Read the source

10 more papers are in the full issue.

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Science·1 October 2026

Iuliia Karavaeva, Astrid Linde Basse et al.