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Science Advances  ·  21 August 2026  ·  From issue 24

Unconventional role of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 in driving pathogenic T H 17 cell immunity and autoimmune diseases

In mice, a cholesterol-making protein secretly drives harmful immune cells that fuel autoimmune disease.

Jie Sun, Yali Lei et al.

A protein called HMGCS1 usually helps cells make cholesterol. This study found it also controls a harmful immune cell instead. In mice, this protein turns on a stress signal inside cells. That signal tells certain immune cells to attack the body's own tissues. Blocking this protein calmed autoimmune disease in mice.

What it could change Blocking one protein in mouse immune cells reduced harmful autoimmune activity.

Shows a lab and mouse mechanism, not a treatment tested in people.

Mice and lab cells only, no human data yet.

Integrity screen: passed (3 checks) Checked 21 August 2026. Retraction record: none. DOI resolves at doi.org. Metadata record found (Science Advances). Read the source

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