eLife · 10 September 2026 · From issue 35
The C3-C3aR axis modulates trained immunity in alveolar macrophages
In mice, a protein called C3 helps lung immune cells fight harder after a second germ exposure.
Alexander P Earhart, Alberto E Lopez et al.
A blood protein called C3 helps lung defender cells learn from past germ exposures. Mice with this protein reacted faster and stronger to a second germ exposure than mice without it. Lung cells missing the protein made fewer defense chemicals and were worse at eating and destroying germs. Adding the protein back fixed the problem, but only when a partner receptor on the cell could receive its signal.
Shown in mouse lung cells and human immune markers, not proven as protection in living people.
Mouse and lab cell study, human proof still missing.
Integrity screen: passed (3 checks) Checked 14 September 2026. Retraction record: none. DOI resolves at doi.org. Metadata record found (eLife). Read the source
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