Nature · 10 June 2026 · From issue 00
A globally consistent, year by year map of human migration across 230 countries from 1990 to the present, reconstructed with deep learning.
Thomas Gaskin, Guy J. Abel, Deep learning four decades of human migration, Nature.
Researchers built the first year by year picture of how many people moved between every pair of countries from 1990 to today, covering 230 countries and regions. Migration data is usually patchy, years apart, and defined differently everywhere, so they trained an ensemble of neural networks on official statistics, censuses and past estimates to produce consistent annual flows with error bars. The model beat existing five year estimates on data it had never seen, and all data, code and models are public.
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