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In this issue 15 papers · 5 free

01 Nature Communications Limosilactobacillus reuteri for oral mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for malignant head and neck tumors: a randomized controlled trial Free
02 Nature Genetics A human single-cell atlas identifies OLR1+ scar-associated macrophages as a potential therapeutic target for chronic liver disease Free
03 eLife Dissociable roles of reward prediction error in the contrasting mood dynamics of depression and anxiety Free
04 Geophysical Research Letters Water Storage Capacity Dynamics in Drained Boreal Peatlands: Responses to Rewetting and Climate Change Free
05 The Astrophysical Journal Morphology of Solar Filaments during the Solar Maximum of Cycle 24: A Study of 35 Filaments Focusing on Chirality, Barb Orientation, Skewness, and Eruptive Behavior Free
06 Nature Ecology & Evolution Developmental contexts of gene-regulatory evolution following whole genome duplication in salmonids Subscribers
07 Nature Communications Single-molecule imaging reveals DNA shape read-out by the INO80 chromatin remodeler Subscribers
08 PNAS Nexus A versatile fluorescent reporter for Usutu virus drug screening and infection tracking Subscribers
09 PLOS Biology Intestinal lipid metabolism controls molecular and behavioral immunity through NHR-68 and gut-brain signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans Subscribers
10 Nature Physics Multiscale transitional flow in anisotropic nanoparticle suspensions revealed by time-resolved X-ray scatter microscopy Subscribers
11 Nature Communications An auto-initializing algorithm to determine electronic ground states from random Slater determinants Subscribers
12 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences The PKMYT1-ALDOA axis drives chemoresistance in cholangiocarcinoma by enhancing glycolysis and MRE11 lactylation Subscribers
13 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Associative synaptic plasticity creates dynamic persistent activity Subscribers
14 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences The phenotypic landscape of the model firmicute Bacillus subtilis Subscribers
15 eLife A real-time, multi-animal model for automatic face detection and identification of freely moving common marmosets based on YOLOv8 algorithms Subscribers

The papers Read free

Nature Communications·29 September 2026

Kun Gao, Yuan-tai Li et al.

A daily probiotic lozenge cut severe mouth sores during head and neck radiation treatment.

A common probiotic lozenge cut severe mouth sores in cancer patients getting radiation to the head and neck. In a trial of 160 patients, those taking the probiotic twice daily had severe sores 37.5% of the time, compared to 61.3% with a fake pill. The probiotic also delayed when sores started and shortened how long they lasted. No major safety problems showed up.

The number 37.5% vs 61.3%

Rate of severe mouth sores with the probiotic compared to a placebo in 160 radiation patients.

One hospital, 160 patients, follow-up under a year.

Integrity screen: passed (3 checks) Checked 30 September 2026. Kun Gao, Yuan-tai Li et al., Limosilactobacillus reuteri for oral mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for malignant head and neck tumors: a randomized controlled trial Read the source

Nature Genetics·28 September 2026

Eleni Papachristoforou, Kexin Kong et al.

A liver immune cell marker called OLR1 tracks with worse scarring and may be a treatment target.

A study of liver cells from 649,295 samples found a specific immune cell type linked to scarring in chronic liver disease. This cell carries a marker called OLR1 and gathers where scar tissue forms. Blocking this marker reduced scar-forming activity in lab-grown human liver tissue models.

The number 649,295 cells

The size of the liver cell map built from 42 healthy people and 35 patients with liver disease.

Mice and lab tissue models only, no human treatment tested yet.

Integrity screen: passed (3 checks) Checked 6 October 2026. Eleni Papachristoforou, Kexin Kong et al., A human single-cell atlas identifies OLR1+ scar-associated macrophages as a potential therapeutic target for chronic liver disease Read the source

eLife·29 September 2026

Zhihao Wang, Ting Wang et al.

Depression dulls mood swings after wins or losses, while anxiety makes mood swing more.

Depression and anxiety change mood in opposite ways after wins and losses. Depression dulls mood swings, making people react less to rewards or setbacks. Anxiety does the reverse. It makes mood swing more with each win or loss, at least in people without a diagnosed mental health condition. A trait shared by both depression and anxiety was linked to a lower overall mood and more caution around risk.

The number 2,043 participants

The number of people tested across five gambling task experiments measuring mood swings after wins and losses.

Gambling task study, anxiety result not yet confirmed in patients.

Integrity screen: passed (3 checks) Checked 30 September 2026. Zhihao Wang, Ting Wang et al., Dissociable roles of reward prediction error in the contrasting mood dynamics of depression and anxiety Read the source

Geophysical Research Letters·29 September 2026

Shokoufeh Salimi, Behshid Khodaei et al.

Rewetting drained peat bogs restores their ability to soak up and hold water.

Draining northern peat bogs made the ground sink and lose its ability to soak up water like a sponge. Adding water back to these drained lands restores that sponge-like ability, even under hotter, wetter future climates. The effect is strongest where a type of moss grows back and makes the ground soft again. Satellite measurements showed the peat surface rising faster after rewetting than in untouched peatlands.

What it could change Rewetting drained peat bogs restored their flood-buffering water storage even under future climate warming.

Shows rewetting works in lab chambers, field sites, and satellite measurements, not a guarantee for every bog.

Lab and field tests only, not every peatland type checked yet.

Integrity screen: passed (3 checks) Checked 30 September 2026. Shokoufeh Salimi, Behshid Khodaei et al., Water Storage Capacity Dynamics in Drained Boreal Peatlands: Responses to Rewetting and Climate Change Read the source

The Astrophysical Journal·29 September 2026

P. T. Jain Jacob, Ram Ajor Maurya

In sun images, 27 of 35 filaments followed the sun's usual north-south magnetic twist pattern.

Long ribbons of solar plasma, called filaments, float above the sun's surface held up by magnetic fields. Scientists cannot see these magnetic fields directly, so they studied sun images in different types of light instead. Out of 35 filaments, 27 followed the sun's usual magnetic twist pattern. Filaments that broke this pattern were not more likely to erupt.

The number 27 of 35 filaments (77%)

The share of studied solar filaments that matched the sun's expected magnetic twist pattern.

Only 35 filaments studied, from one active solar period only.

Integrity screen: passed (3 checks) Checked 30 September 2026. P. T. Jain Jacob, Ram Ajor Maurya, Morphology of Solar Filaments during the Solar Maximum of Cycle 24: A Study of 35 Filaments Focusing on Chirality, Barb Orientation, Skewness, and Eruptive Behavior Read the source

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Nature Ecology & Evolution·29 September 2026

Marie-Odile Baudement, Diego Perojil Morata et al.